CHAPTER 7 STORING ORGANIZATIONAL INFORMATION (DATABASE)

  FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS OF THE RELATIONAL DATABASE MODEL

A relational database is a core, a system for storing and using data based upon the relationships among the elements of data. 

Different as databases may be in size, they are generally always structured according to one of three database models:

Relational = Nowadays, new installations of database management systems are almost exclusively of the relational type. Organizations that

already have a major investment in hierarchical or network technology

may add to the existing model, but groups that have no need to maintain

compatibility with “legacy systems” nearly always choose the relational

model for their databases.

Hierarchical = Hierarchical databases are aptly named because they have

a simple hierarchical structure that allows fast data access. They suffer

from redundancy problems and a structural inflexibility that makes database modification difficult.

Netw ork = Network databases have minimal redundancy but pay for that

advantage with structural complexity.

 

cube is one way to illustrate relations among data as it helps to visualize data intersections. While it is easiest for us to picture a three-dimensional cube, a relational database stores data in many dimensions. 

 

We can think of dimensions as the entry points into the data or those business concepts we will use to slice and dice our data. In some organizations, dimensions are referred to as entities.

Many customers will buy many products in many stores at many times. We will call this type of data relationship a many-to-many relationship. In many-to-many relationships we use dimensional keys to organize the data. Look for the keys in the dimensional model at above.

-Each dimension has a single primary key. The primary key is unique to each row or record in our database and its value should not change over time.

-A primary key is often a consecutive or random number assigned to the record as it enters the database. 

-A primary key can also be made up of components of other fields in the table.

-The primary key is used for indexing the table to make it more efficient to search, sort, link and perform other operations on the data. 

-If we review the market dimension we find that each store key is unique. no two stores can have the same store key. Although it might seem that we could use store name as a unique means of identifying each store, we have  different stores with different addresses, states, regions, etc.

- When these keys appear in the fact table, they are referred to as foreign keys. In the Sales Fact Table, the foreign key is no longer unique. It may appear many times or not at all. 

- So the foreign keys in the fact table must have counterparts in the dimension tables to which it refers. This requirement of relational databases is called referential integrity.

- If you spend a great deal of time talking with data modelers you may come across a few more terms having to do with keys, such as composite keys and concatenated keys. Every fact table in a relational database has a composite key. 

- This is the primary key for the fact table and it is usually made up of a combination of the foreign keys maintained in the fact table. These foreign keys are concatenated (linked together into a single entry) into a primary key for the fact table.

 

increased flexibility      

increased information security   

 increased information integrity

reduced information redundancy

 increased scalability and performance 

 

  DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM & RELATIONSHIP WITH WEBSITE 

- A Database Management System (DBMS) is a set of programs that enables you to store,modify, and extract information from a database.

- It also provides users with tools to add, delete, access, modify, and analyze data stored in one location.

-  A group can access the data by using query and reporting tools that are part of the DBMS or by using application programs specifically written to access the data. 

- DBMS also provide the method for maintaining the integrity of stored data, running security and users access, and recovering information if the system fails

- Many DBMS also include a graphics component that enables you to output information in the form of graphs and charts. Database and database management system are essential to all areas of business, they must be carefully managed.

 

4. WHY ORGANIZATION WOULD WANT TO INTEGRATE ITS DATABASE?

Data integration refers to the organization’s inventory of data and information assets as well as the tools, strategies and philosophies by which fragmented data assets are aligned to support business goals.company want to integrate its database because they will connect,communicate,dealing and having relation with its customer everyday. Everyday its customers will open the webpage and search anything appear on the page. Therefore, if the product still available or not available the supplier must inform the customers immediately.Publish the information on the web page to make the customers realize that the product exist or not in the market. Then, when the customers got information they will not too disappointed and not waiting too long. Customers satisfy, the business relationship between sellers and customers will be good

 

 bye-bye see you next time>>>>xoxo

CHAPTER 5  ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE THAT SUPPORT STRATEGIES INITIATIVE

 

Chief Information Officer (CIO)

• Serves as the company’s top technology infrastructure manager

• Runs the organization’s internal IT operations

• Works to streamline business processes with technology

• Focuses on internal customers (users and business units)

• Collaborates and manages vendors that supply infrastructure solutions

• Aligns the company’s IT infrastructure with business priorities

• Developers strategies to increase the company’s bottom line (profitability)

• Has to be a skilled and organized manager to be successful

Chief Technology Officer (CTO)

• Serves as the company’s top technology architect

• Runs the organization’s engineering group

• Uses technology to enhance the company’s product offerings

• Focuses on external customers (buyers)

• Collaborates and manages vendors that supply solutions to enhance the company’s product(s)

• Aligns the company’s product architecture with business priorities

• Develops strategies to increase the company’s top line (revenue)

• Has to be a creative and innovative technologist to be successful

Chief Security Officer (CSO)

• leader responsible for the development, implementation and management of the organization’s corporate security vision, strategy and programs. 

• They direct staff in identifying, developing, implementing and maintaining security processes across the organization to reduce risks, respond to incidents, and limit exposure to liability in all areas of financial, physical, and personal risk.

•  establish appropriate standards and risk controls associated with intellectual property and direct the establishment and implementation of policies and procedures related to data security.

Chief Privacy Officer (CPO)

•  responsible for managing the risks and business impacts of privacy laws and policies. 

•  created to respond to both consumer concern over the use of personal information, including medical data and financial information, and laws and regulations.

• evaluating legislative and regulatory proposals involving collection, use, and disclosure of personal information by the Federal Government. 

• conducting a privacy impact assessment of proposed rules of the Department or that of the Department on the privacy of personal information, including the type of personal information collected and the number of people affected.

• coordinating with the Officer for Civil Rights and Civil Liberties.

Chief Knowledge Officer (CKO)

• responsible for overseeing knowledge information within an organization. 

• The CKO's job is to ensure that the company profits from the effective use of knowledge resources. 

• Investments in knowledge may include employees, processes and intellectual property.

• CKO can help an organization maximize the return on investment (ROI) on those investments.

• Maximize benefits from intangible assets, such as branding and customer relationships.

• Repeat successes and analyze and learn from failures.

• Foster innovation.

• Avoid the loss of knowledge that can result from loss of personnel.

                                               CHAPTER 4
 

Measuring the success of strategic initiative

Firstly, i want to create blog in this chapter 4...measuring the success of strategic initiatives..My lecturer only need  the efficiency and effectiveness IT metrics and imagine how Facebook can be a efficiency and effectiveness platform to promote our own product.

Efficiency IT Metrics

* Efficiency is related to doing the things right.

* It is more to tangible which is easy to see,touch,calculate,define,determine and realize.

* It also measure the performance of the IT system itself including throughput, speed, availability and    flexibility.

* How far the company can using their resources such as capital, assets, facilities or technology system to achieve it goals. 

 * For example, a company already have a formal web and now they want to create news letter that can be generate everyday for their customers.

 

 

  I want to imagine that I have a online business and I sell shoes trough Facebook. My shoes business name is Diera Miera Shoes .what the efficiency and effectiveness using the Facebook for my business?

For efficiency :

- it can manage and generate my shoes business more easy, fast and spend time,money,force and effort for me and also my customers. How??

Ok..lets say firstly I've make a promotion in my own facebook.Not the official page. Then, from that I can introduce to my family and friends about the my shoes business.. Just tagging the picture to all friends in facebook.

Later, I can put the Diera Miera Shoes official page in facebook and put a few of the best shoes or latest shoes as a cover photo. Next,the shoes can subscribe the page..:) every time the latest shoes will be put in the page. The fans and customers can choose their choice based on the colors, size, patterns, design and fashion. For the old stock it still have. So...my customers will never miss buy it as long as the supplier still produce the shoes. After that, when they want to make an order my customers just need to PM( private massage), call,email,twitter and facebook..:))

For effectiveness :

To maintain my business effectiveness I should keep my promise to customers. It means...I must deliver the order in right time and right place. For the information in the Diera Miera Shoes official page and also my own page, i must ensure that my customer receive same information. 

  

Okey>>......see you next blogs ....babai babai>>xoxo>>